Quick answer: The steel life cycle has five stages: raw material extraction (iron ore, coal, scrap), steelmaking in a blast or electric arc furnace, manufacturing into products such as beams and pipes, use in buildings and machines, and!-->!-->…
Quick answer: Cast iron contains 2–4% carbon, is poured into moulds, and is hard but brittle, so it suits pipes, engine blocks and cookware. Wrought iron has very little carbon (under 0.08%) with slag fibres, so it is tough, ductile and!-->!-->…
Quick answer: EN8 (BS 970 080M40) is an unalloyed medium-carbon steel with about 0.40% carbon. In the normalised condition its tensile strength is roughly 550–700 MPa. It machines well and can be flame or induction hardened, so it is used!-->!-->…
Quick answer: Steel grade equivalents let you match a grade across standards. For example, AISI 1020 ≈ EN C22 ≈ JIS S20C ≈ GB 20; AISI 1045 ≈ EN C45 ≈ JIS S45C ≈ GB 45; and structural ASTM A36 is close to EN S275 and JIS SS400. Equivalents!-->!-->…
Quick answer: IPE beams are European parallel-flange I-beams to EN 10365, named by height in mm. Example: IPE 200 is 200 × 100 mm, web 5.6 mm, flange 8.5 mm and weighs 22.4 kg/m (268.8 kg per 12 m). IPE is efficient in bending and used for!-->!-->…